MPS II: Clinical data

MPS II supporting evidence*

Davey et al (2016) Macular pigment optical density: repeatability, intereye correlation, and effect of ocular dominance. Clinical Ophthalmology (10) 1671-78

de Kinkelder et al (2011) Macular pigment optical density measurements: evaluation of a device using heterochromatic flicker photometry. Eye 25(1) 105-12

Howells et al (2013) Improving the repeatability of heterochromatic flicker photometry for measurement of macular pigment optical density. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 251(3), 871-80

Makridaki et al (2009) Macular pigment measurement in clinics: controlling the effect of the ageing media. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 29: 338–344 (Evidence for the accuracy of the Standard (‘centre-only’) test for estimating MPOD, drawing on data from 5616 eyes)

Murray, I, Makridaki, M & Carden, D (2011, April) Measuring MP in practice. Optician, 15-17

Neelam et al (2005) Measurement of Macular Pigment: Raman Spectroscopy versus Heterochromatic Flicker Photometry. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 46(3), 1023-1032

Richer et al (2012) Macular Re-pigmentation Enhances Driving Vision in Elderly Adult Males with Macular Degeneration. Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology 3(3)

Van der Veen et al (2009) A new desktop instrument for measuring macular pigment optical density based on a novel technique for setting flicker thresholds. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 29(2), 127-137

Zeaxanthin and Visual Function Study (ZVF) – results (2007)

*MPS II is re-badged as QuantifEye MPS II for sale in the United States

The case for MPOD

Beatty et al (1999) Macular pigment and age related macular degeneration. British Journal of Ophthalmology 83, 867–877

Beatty et al (2001) Macular pigment and risk for age-related macular degeneration in subjects from a Northern European population. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 42(2), 439-46

Bernstein et al (2010) The value of measurement of macular carotenoid pigment optical densities and distributions in age-related macular degeneration and other retinal disorders. Vision Research 50(7), 716-28

Howells et al (2013) Macular Pigment Optical Density in Young Adults of South Asian Origin. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 54, 2711-2719

Korb et al (2014) Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in a large European cohort: Results from the population-based Gutenberg Health Study. Graefe’s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 252(9) 1403-11

Loane et al (2008) The rationale and evidence base for a protective role of macular pigment in age-related maculopathy. British Journal of Ophthalmology 92, 1163-1168

Tang et al (2004) Macular pigment optical density in young Chinese adults. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics 24, 586–593

Wooten, BR & Hammond, BR (2002) Macular pigment: influences on visual acuity and visibility. Progress in Retinal and Eye Research 21 (2002) 225–240

Lutein/Zeaxanthin supplementation

Age-Related Eye Disease Research Study (AREDS) – results (2001)

Age-Related Eye Disease Research Study 2 (AREDS2) – results (2013)

Berendschot et al (2000) Influence of Lutein Supplementation on Macular Pigment, Assessed with Two Objective Techniques. Clinical and Epidemiologic Research 41(11), 3322-3326

Bone, R (2003) Lutein and Zeaxanthin Dietary Supplements Raise Macular Pigment Density and Serum Concentrations of these Carotenoids in Humans. Journal of Nutrition 133(4), 992-998

Davis, R.L. (2016) Preliminary Results in Macular Pigment Optical Density Associated with and without Zeaxanthin and Lutein Supplementation. Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System 2(6)

Delcourt et al (2006) Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin and Other Carotenoids as Modifiable Risk Factors for Age-Related Maculopathy and Cataract: The POLA Study. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 47(6) 2329-35

Hammond et al (2014). A double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on photostress recovery, glare disability and chromatic contrast. Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 55(12) 8583-8589

Herman et al (2017) Case Report of Dietary Supplements Improving Macular Pigment and Visual Function. Advances in Ophthalmology & Visual System 6(1)

Maci, S & Santos, R (2015) The beneficial role of lutein and zeaxanthin in cataracts. Nutrafoods 14, 63-69

Murray et al (2013) Lutein supplementation over a one-year period in early AMD might have a mild beneficial effect on visual acuity: the CLEAR study. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science 54(3), 1781-88

Richer et al (2012) Retinal Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Early Atrophic Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and a New Metric for Objective Evaluation of the Efficacy of Ocular Nutrition. Nutrients 4, 1812-1827

Other risk factors

Adams et al (2012) 20/20—Alcohol and Age-related Macular Degeneration: The Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 176 (4), 289-298

Velilla et al (2013) Smoking and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Review and Update. Journal of Ophthalmology 2013, 895147

Zhang et al (2016) Overweight, Obesity, and Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, Vol.57(3), 1276-1283